Optimizing the lignin based synthesis of flexible polyurethane foams employing reactive liquefying agents

The present work is focused on the optimization of a green process based on the employment of by‐products obtained from wood treatments as raw materials for producing flexible polyurethane foams. More specifically, lignin was employed in flexible polyurethane foams in order to partially replace the usual fossil polyols; therefore glycerol (GLY) and glycerin polyglycidyl ether (EJ 300) were used as the polyol fraction for lignin liquefaction. Polypropylene glycol triol was used as a chain extender in different ratios with liquefaction solvents, and polymeric diphenylmethane diisocyanate as an isocyanate fraction. Liquefaction of lignin was performed by microwave irradiation, thus reducing the processing time and energy required compared to present industrial production processes. All the foams were produced in controlled expansion through the adoption of a ‘one‐shot’ approach, using water as a blowing agent and with an isocyanate index (NCO/OH) of less than 100 to improve the flexibility of the foam. This approach allowed for the substitution of up to 12% of common petro derived polyol with commercial soda lignin. Finally, the foams were characterized, presenting properties that could be modulated as a function of lignin content, GLY/EJ 300 ratio and isocyanate index. The qualities of the foams were compatible with existing materials used for furniture and for the interiors of car seats and couches. © 2015 Society of Chemical Industry     

Design of Ag nanograting for broadband absorption enhancement in amorphous silicon thin film solar cells

Light trapping is one of the key issues to improve the light absorption and increase the efficiency of thin film solar cells. The effects of the triangular Ag nanograting on the absorption of amorphous silicon solar cells were investigated by a numerical simulation based on the finite element method. The light absorption under different angle and area of the grating has been calculated. Furthermore, the light absorption with different incident angle has been calculated. The optimization results show that the absorption of the solar cell with triangular Ag nanograting structure and anti-reflection film is enhanced up to 96% under AM1.5 illumination in the 300–800 nm wavelength range compared with the reference cell. The physical mechanisms of absorption enhancement in different wavelength range have been discussed. Furthermore, the solar cell with the Ag nanograting is much less sensitive to the angle of incident light. These results are promising for the design of amorphous silicon thin film solar cells with enhanced performance.     

常压烧结碳化硅陶瓷的表面裂纹对其力学性能的影响

以常压烧结碳化硅陶瓷材料(SSiC陶瓷)为研究对象,开展陶瓷表面裂纹及其对力学性能影响的研究。结果表明,当裂纹尺寸小于40μm时,SSiC陶瓷的弯曲强度迅速降低55%;裂纹尺寸约50μm以后,弯曲强度的下降趋于平缓。通过曲线拟合及实验验证得到了弯曲强度对不同裂纹尺寸的关系式。通过对裂纹方向的研究,建立了裂纹方向对材料弯曲强度产生影响的模型。     

导电剂对柔性锌锰电池放电性能的研究

研究了掺杂多壁碳纳米管、石墨及乙炔炭黑对柔性锌锰电池电化学性能的影响。分别在不同的放电电流的条件下,测试电池的放电性能。研究结果显示,掺杂导电剂后锌锰电池的性能均得到显著提高。其中碳纳米管掺杂锌锰电池表现性能最佳,其次是乙炔炭黑和石墨。其中掺杂碳纳米管电池0.2 mA放电时间高达252 h,容量为50.4 mA·h,且在0.8 mA和1 mA较大电流放电时,容量损失率最低,其掺杂效应远高于其他导电添加剂。     

环氧树脂改性硅丙乳液的制备及水性涂料的研究

采用半连续单体滴加乳液聚合法制得稳定性好,凝胶率少,转化率高,综合性能良好的环氧树脂改性硅丙乳液。通过实验确定了所需的最佳条件,即阴离子与非离子乳化剂的最佳配比是2∶1,适宜温度78~80℃,引发剂的最佳用量0.7%,有机硅的最佳用量3%,环氧树脂最佳用量7%。并且以环氧树脂E-44改性硅丙乳液为主要成膜物质,制备了水性隔热防腐涂料。经检测,涂料的各项性能均满足国家技术标准。     

新型化学防砂剂的合成及性能评价

以DMDAAC、AM、水玻璃、OP-10为原料,合成了一种新型的含硅高分子防砂剂,对粒径0.074 mm以上的砂子具有良好的阻挡作用.并考察了防砂剂与地层流体的配伍性.     

多孔硅基微型 Bragg 光学传感器的理论和应用研究

对多孔硅基微型光学传感器的可制备性进行了理论分析,说明只要选择合适的腐蚀条件,采用交替改变电流密度的方法就可以得到折射率随深度交替变化的多层多孔硅结构,即 Bragg 反射镜,同时可实现了反射谱峰位可调。提出了Bragg 反射镜的理论模型,对其布拉格中心波长,半峰全宽以及光强反射率进行了理论计算,得出了高低折射率之比、层数与光强反射率之间的关系,并对实际情况进行了说明。最后,简单介绍了 Bragg 反射镜在气体/液体传感器及光学微腔中的应用,有一定的应用价值。     

活性C-SiO_2吸附材料的制备及对酚类物质的吸附

用四氯化硅及与适量的氧化钙、氧化铝、磷酸钙化学试剂的组合产生活化剂及一些含碳的废弃物用于制备活性炭—二氧化硅吸附材料,用分光光度法研究对不同酚类物质的吸附。本法制备的吸附材料对酚类的吸附率有的高达96%以上。不加入碱性氧化物及盐类(磷酸钙)用四氯化硅水解液浸泡木屑进行碳化与活化吸附效果更佳。     

BTBCT-Eu~(3+):改性纳米硅粒子合成及性能研究

本文采用溶剂热液法合成改性纳米硅乳液,在纳米硅中引入无机及金属离子,使制备的BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅乳液的稳定性更好。分别制备了4,4'-bis(1',1',1'-trifluoro-2',4'-butanedione-6'-yl)-chlorosulfo-o-terphenyl(简称BTBCT)和1,10-菲罗啉为配体、以稀土铕为中心离子,纳米硅及改性纳米硅为载体,制备BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅分散液,采用SEM、TEM、荧光光度计进行表征。研究表明,制备的BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅粒子及1,10-菲罗啉(phen)-Eu:纳米硅粒子的粒径为50~60nm、BTBCT-Eu:改性纳米硅配合物缓冲溶液分散液存放时间大于6个月;纳米硅的改性不影响BTBCT-Eu配合物的发射光谱强度;改性纳米硅不改变BTBCTEu配合物发射光谱强度和发光波长。     

Nano-SiO_2/ACR共混物改性PP研究

通过两种不同的混合方法制备了纳米二氧化硅/丙烯酸树脂/聚丙烯(Nano-SiO2/ACR/PP)复合材料。利用共凝聚法制备具有沙袋结构的Nano-SiO2/ACR共混物,其增韧增强改性PP明显效果优于直接加入Nano-SiO2和ACR。当NanoSiO2/ACR/PP/PP-MAH重量比为5/10/80/5时,Nano-SiO2/ACR/PP复合材料拉伸强度、冲击强度及杨氏模量为28.9 MPa、19.1 kJ/m2和1.20 GPa,与基体树脂相比,分别提高了40%、23%和13%。